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Growth Factor

MGF Guia & Tabela de Dose

A splice variant of IGF-1 studied for muscle repair.

Também conhecido comoMechano Growth Factor
Meia-vidashort
Viasubcutaneous
MGF — Tabela de dose
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What is MGF?

MGF stands for Mechano Growth Factor. It is a naturally occurring splice variant — basically an alternative version — of a well-known hormone called IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1).[1] Think of IGF-1 as a master blueprint. Your body can read that blueprint in slightly different ways to produce different proteins, and MGF is one of those readings. In the heart, for example, researchers have confirmed that the IGF-1 gene produces two isoforms: the common IGF-IEa and IGF-IEc, which is MGF.[4]

What makes MGF special is when it shows up. The body tends to produce it in response to mechanical stress — things like exercise, stretching, or physical injury.[1] Because of this, scientists consider it a key player in how tissues sense damage and try to repair themselves. It is currently studied strictly as a research compound and is not approved for human therapeutic use.

How MGF Works

Here is a simple way to picture it: imagine your muscle or cartilage tissue is a neighbourhood hit by a storm. MGF is like the first emergency alert that goes out — it tells local stem cells and repair crews to wake up, move to the damage site, and start rebuilding.

At the molecular level, MGF binds to receptors on the surface of cells and triggers a chain of signalling events inside them. In periodontal ligament stem cells, for instance, researchers found that MGF activates a pathway called Fyn-RhoA-YAP, which tells those cells to multiply and differentiate into the right cell type for repair.[2] In ligament fibroblasts, MGF targets different pathways — Rac1-PAK1/2 and RhoA-ROCK1 — to help injured cells move and heal.[6] The short, unique tail of the MGF molecule (called the E-domain) appears to do much of this signalling work independently of the rest of the IGF-1 structure.[4]

What the Research Shows

Cartilage and Joints

Cartilage is notoriously bad at repairing itself — it has no blood vessels, no lymph vessels, and no nerves to carry in repair signals.[1] Lab studies show that MGF is highly expressed in damaged cartilage, especially in conditions like osteoarthritis, and that it influences chondrocyte (cartilage cell) behaviour including proliferation, migration, and control of inflammation.[1] In a rabbit model, silk scaffolds loaded with both MGF and another growth factor (TGF-β3) recruited significantly more stem cells to the repair site — up to twice as many as scaffolds using TGF-β3 alone — and produced cartilage that looked more like healthy hyaline cartilage than scar tissue.[5]

Ligament Repair

A 2022 study looked at torn anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs). MGF treatment accelerated repair and improved the ability of mechanically injured ACL fibroblasts to move — a critical step in healing — by acting on those Rac1 and RhoA signalling pathways mentioned above.[6]

Neuroprotection

Researchers at the Mayo Clinic found that MGF may protect nerve cells. In laboratory and animal experiments, MGF shielded dorsal root ganglion neurons from damage caused by cisplatin, a common chemotherapy drug that causes nerve toxicity in 30–40% of patients. The protection appeared to work through a protein called nucleolin, which MGF binds to inside the cell nucleus.[3]

Heart Function

The MGF E-domain has also been studied in the heart. Researchers found that its effects on cardiac contractile function depended heavily on the dose — different amounts produced different, sometimes opposing, effects on heart muscle performance in mice.[4] This highlights why precise dosing matters enormously in research settings.

Periodontal (Tooth-Supporting) Tissue

MGF has shown promise in dental research too. It promoted the proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells through the Fyn-RhoA-YAP signalling pathway, suggesting a potential role in regenerating the tissues that hold teeth in place.[2]

What MGF Is Being Studied For

  • Skeletal muscle repair and regeneration after mechanical injury
  • Cartilage defect healing and osteoarthritis[1]
  • ACL and ligament repair[6]
  • Neuroprotection against chemotherapy-induced nerve damage[3]
  • Cardiac function modulation[4]
  • Periodontal tissue regeneration[2]
  • Stem cell recruitment in tissue-engineering scaffolds[5]

How MGF Is Dosed in Research

Because MGF is a research-only compound with no approved clinical protocol, dosing varies widely across studies and depends on the research model, route of administration, and the specific MGF form being used (full peptide vs. E-domain fragment). The cardiac study noted above used a range of doses in mice and found that effects differed significantly between dose levels, underscoring that small changes in amount can produce very different outcomes.[4] For a full breakdown of doses used in published research, see the dosage chart on this page. You can also use our calculator to work through research-use reconstitution volumes.

Mixing and Storing MGF

MGF is typically supplied as a lyophilised (freeze-dried) white powder in a sealed vial. To prepare it for research use, bacteriostatic water (water with a small amount of benzyl alcohol to prevent bacterial growth) is slowly added to the vial — this process is called reconstitution. The liquid should be gently swirled, never shaken hard, to avoid breaking the delicate peptide chains. Once reconstituted, MGF solution is generally stored in a refrigerator (2–8 °C) and used within a few weeks; unopened lyophilised vials can typically be kept frozen for longer periods. Always follow the specific guidance provided with your research-grade material and work under appropriate sterile conditions.

Sources

  1. The role of mechano growth factor in chondrocytes and cartilage defects: a concise review. — Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica, 2023. PMID 37171185.
  2. Mechano-growth factor regulates periodontal ligament stem cell proliferation and differentiation through Fyn-RhoA-YAP signaling. — Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2024. PMID 39067248.
  3. Mechano growth factor interacts with nucleolin to protect against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. — Experimental neurology, 2020. PMID 32511954.
  4. Mechano-growth factor E-domain modulates cardiac contractile function through 14-3-3 protein interactomes. — Frontiers in physiology, 2022. PMID 36467694.
  5. Mechano growth factor (MGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 functionalized silk scaffolds enhance articular hyaline cartilage regeneration in rabbit model. — Biomaterials, 2015. PMID 25818452.
  6. Mechano Growth Factor Accelerates ACL Repair and Improves Cell Mobility of Mechanically Injured Human ACL Fibroblasts by Targeting Rac1-PAK1/2 and RhoA-ROCK1 Pathways. — International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. PMID 35457148.

MGF Perguntas

What is MGF?
MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) is a splice variant of IGF-1 — essentially an alternative version of a well-known growth factor that the body produces in response to mechanical stress like exercise or injury.[1] It is studied as a research compound for its potential roles in muscle, cartilage, nerve, and heart tissue repair. It is not approved for human therapeutic use.
How does MGF work?
MGF signals through several molecular pathways inside cells. In ligament stem cells it activates Fyn-RhoA-YAP signalling to promote cell growth and differentiation.[2] In ACL fibroblasts it targets Rac1-PAK1/2 and RhoA-ROCK1 to help cells migrate to injury sites.[6] Its unique E-domain also interacts with proteins like 14-3-3 in heart tissue to influence contractile function.[4]
What is MGF used for in research?
Research has explored MGF across several tissue types. Studies cover cartilage defect repair[1], ACL and ligament healing[6], protection of nerve cells from chemotherapy toxicity[3], cardiac function[4], periodontal tissue regeneration[2], and stem cell recruitment in tissue-engineering scaffolds.[5] All of this is preclinical or early-stage research.
How is MGF dosed in research?
There is no single standard dose — protocols vary by study, species, and MGF form. One mouse cardiac study tested multiple dose levels and found significantly different effects at each level, showing that even small dose changes matter.[4] Check the dosage chart on this page for a summary of research-reported doses, and use our calculator for reconstitution maths.
How do you reconstitute MGF?
MGF powder is typically dissolved by slowly adding bacteriostatic water to the vial and gently swirling — never shaking — to preserve the peptide structure. The resulting solution is stored refrigerated (2–8 °C) and used within a few weeks. Unopened lyophilised vials can be kept frozen longer. Always use sterile technique and follow the guidance supplied with your specific research-grade material.
Is MGF safe?
MGF is a research-only compound with no established human safety profile or approved clinical use. Animal studies suggest biological activity can vary significantly with dose — for example, different dose levels produced opposing effects on heart function in mice.[4] No safety conclusions for humans can be drawn from current research. This page is educational only and does not constitute medical advice.